Doc-values range queries with a skip index return wrong hits when a segment's values span more than Long.MAX_VALUE

Finding LFV-044Area: codecs / doc valuesPriority: highImpact: silent wrong resultsNovelty: known upstream

AI-assisted finding, confirmed by automated checks, not yet triaged by a human Lucene committer. This site files nothing upstream.

What it shows

You index numeric doc values with a skip index (NumericDocValuesField.indexedField) where one segment's values span more than Long.MAX_VALUE, and run a doc-values range query. You expect the same hits as 10.5.2. Instead the encoded-domain bound transform wraps: 100k random latitudes queried for [45, 90] gave 0 hits instead of 25,157, 64-bit hashes gave 2 instead of 49,931, and some cases add wrong hits.

Expected vs actual

Expected: count(q) = 512 and search(q, 10) returns 10 hits, as on 10.5.2 and on the same data without a skip index.
Actual: count(q) = 0 and search(q, 10) returns 0 hits: AssertionError: count(q); search(q, 10) returned 0 hits expected:<512> but was:<0>.

Files

src/TestVerifyEncodedRange.java (JUnit test)
src/TestVerifyDefaultSearch.java (JUnit test)

Run it

Tested on Lucene main e1faeba08bde (2026-11-02): still reproduces.
Tested on Lucene main b83101cdd2 (2026-10-23): reproduced.
How to read the outcome: a failing test is the finding reproducing (the failure message states expected against actual).
Seeds: a rerun with the same seed replays the same random choices. Assertions off (-da -dsa -Dtests.asserts=false) is the production-like setting.

# Lucene checkout at the tested commit, built with: ./gradlew --no-daemon assemble   (JDK 25)
LUCENE=/path/to/lucene; V=12.0.0-SNAPSHOT
CP=$LUCENE/lucene/core/build/libs/lucene-core-$V.jar
CP=$CP:$LUCENE/lucene/codecs/build/libs/lucene-codecs-$V.jar
CP=$CP:$LUCENE/lucene/test-framework/build/libs/lucene-test-framework-$V.jar
CP=$CP:randomizedtesting-runner-2.9.2.jar:junit-4.13.2.jar:hamcrest-3.0.jar   # test-framework dependencies (Maven Central)
CP=$CP:junit-platform-console-standalone-6.1.3.jar   # JUnit Platform console launcher (Maven Central)

javac -d classes -cp "$CP" $(find src -name '*.java')

# run 1: assertions on, seed DEADBEEF
java -ea -esa -Xmx2g --add-modules jdk.incubator.vector --enable-native-access=ALL-UNNAMED -Dtests.seed=DEADBEEF \
     -cp "classes:$CP" org.junit.platform.console.ConsoleLauncher \
     execute --select-class TestVerifyEncodedRange \
       --select-class TestVerifyDefaultSearch

Gradle alternative: copy the test into the matching module's src/test/ tree of the checkout and run ./gradlew -p lucene/<module> test --tests <class> -Ptests.seed=<seed> (add -Ptests.asserts=false for a run without assertions).

Files shown on the finding page

TestSkipIndexedDocValuesRangeWideSpan.java

Formal models and scripts this finding's part of the hunt used: study-simd-equivalence

Feedback

Open an issue in lucene-ai-bug-hunt. Please do not open issues or pull requests in apache/lucene about this finding unless a Lucene committer agrees it should be filed.

Snapshot of 2026-11-04. AI-assisted; not yet triaged by a human Lucene committer. Feedback: open an issue in lucene-ai-bug-hunt.