RoaringDocIdSet.Builder.add(min, max) throws on the last 2^16-doc block

Finding LFV-066Area: util / bitsetsPriority: lowImpact: crashNovelty: new

Finding page for LFV-066

AI-assisted finding, confirmed by automated checks, not yet triaged by a human Lucene committer. This site files nothing upstream.

What it shows

You add a doc-ID range that falls in the last 65,536-doc block below 2^31 to a RoaringDocIdSet.Builder. You expect the range to be added. Instead (block+1)<<16 wraps and the call throws; it never returns wrong data.

The test shows that RoaringDocIdSet.Builder.add(min, max) throws for a range in the last 65,536-doc block of a MAX_DOCS segment, because the block end (block + 1) << 16 is 2^31 and overflows.

Expected vs actual

Expected: add(MAX_DOCS - 10, MAX_DOCS) adds the 10 docs, like add(doc) per doc. Actual: it throws, an AssertionError from Lucene's assert with -ea and NegativeArraySizeException: -2 with -da.

Files

• src/org/apache/lucene/util/TestRoaringDocIdSetLastBlock.java (JUnit test)

Run it

• Tested on Lucene main e1faeba08bde (2026-11-02): still reproduces.
• Tested on Lucene main 645d4fe14a20 (2026-10-28): reproduced.
• Recorded outcome of run 1 on Lucene main 645d4fe14a20: 1 test(s) run, 1 failed.
• How to read the outcome: a failing test is the finding reproducing (the failure message states expected against actual).
• Seeds: a rerun with the same seed replays the same random choices. Assertions off (-da -dsa -Dtests.asserts=false) is the production-like setting.

# Lucene checkout at the tested commit, built with: ./gradlew --no-daemon assemble   (JDK 25)
LUCENE=/path/to/lucene; V=12.0.0-SNAPSHOT
CP=$LUCENE/lucene/core/build/libs/lucene-core-$V.jar
CP=$CP:$LUCENE/lucene/codecs/build/libs/lucene-codecs-$V.jar
CP=$CP:$LUCENE/lucene/test-framework/build/libs/lucene-test-framework-$V.jar
CP=$CP:randomizedtesting-runner-2.9.2.jar:junit-4.13.2.jar:hamcrest-3.0.jar   # test-framework dependencies (Maven Central)
CP=$CP:junit-platform-console-standalone-6.1.3.jar   # JUnit Platform console launcher (Maven Central)

javac -d classes -cp "$CP" $(find src -name '*.java')

# run 1: assertions on, seed DEADBEEF
java -ea -esa --add-modules jdk.incubator.vector --enable-native-access=ALL-UNNAMED -Dtests.seed=DEADBEEF \
     -cp "classes:$CP" org.junit.platform.console.ConsoleLauncher \
     execute --select-class org.apache.lucene.util.TestRoaringDocIdSetLastBlock

Gradle alternative: copy the test into the matching module's src/test/ tree of the checkout and run ./gradlew -p lucene/<module> test --tests <class> -Ptests.seed=<seed> (add -Ptests.asserts=false for a run without assertions).

Formal models and scripts this finding's part of the hunt used: study-overflow-at-scale

Feedback

Open an issue in lucene-ai-bug-hunt. Please do not open issues or pull requests in apache/lucene about this finding unless a Lucene committer agrees it should be filed.

Snapshot of 2026-11-04. AI-assisted; not yet triaged by a human Lucene committer. Feedback: open an issue in lucene-ai-bug-hunt.